History of Koryo
vol 128
Retsuden 41
"手搏戯"






李朝実録風俗関係資料撮要
This book is collection of culture related descriptions from the Annals of Joseon published by the colonial government in 1939.

Daejong 16, vol32
"手搏戯"





Confiscation of 51 books.
The colonial government official telegram No69
Dated 19 Nov 1910

Tae Kwon Do
http://www.worldtaekwondo.com/history.htm

"The earliest records of Taekwondo practice date back to about 50 B.C. During this time, Korea was divided into three kingdoms: Silla, which was founded on the Kyongju plain in 57 B.C.; Koguryo, founded in the Yalu River Valley in 37 B.C.; and Paekche, founded in the southwestern area of the Korean peninsula in 18 B.C.."(2) Tae Kyon ( also called Subak) is considered the earliest known form of Taekwondo.
テコンドーの最初の記録は三国時代。テッキョン（手搏）がテコンドーの元になったと考えられている。

Paintings from this time period have been found on the ceiling of the Muyong-chong, a royal tomb from the Koguryo dynasty. The paintings show unarmed people using techniques that are very similar to the ones used by Taekwondo today.
高句麗の舞踏塚の壁画が発見され、その絵の中にある素手で戦う人の姿がテコンドーにそっくりなのだ。

Although Taekwondo first appeared in the Koguryo kingdom, it is the Silla's Hwarang warriors that are credited with the growth and spread of Taekwondo throughout Korea. Silla was the smallest of the three kingdoms and was always under attack by Japanese Pirates. Silla got help from King Gwanggaeto and his soldiers from the Koguryo kingdom to drive out the pirates. During this time a few select Sillan warriors were given training in Taek Kyon by the early masters from Koguryo.
テコンドーの最初の登場は高句麗だが、朝鮮全体に広めたのは新羅のファランだ。
新羅は三国の中で最も小さく、常に日本人の海賊に襲われていた。
新羅は高句麗の広開土王に助けを求め、その間新羅の人間が高句麗のテッキョンマスターに訓練されていたのだ。

The Taek Kyon trained warriors then became known as the Hwarang. The Hwarang set up a military academy for the sons of royalty in Silla called Hwarang-do, which means "The way of flowering manhood." The Hwarang studied Taek Kyon, history, Confucian Philosophy, ethics, Buddhist Morality, and military tactics. The guiding principles of the Hwarang warriors were loyalty, filial duty, trustworthiness, valor, and justice.
テッキョンを習得した勇者が後にファランと呼ばれる者たちだ。ファランは子弟のためにミリタリーアカデミーを設立、それがファランドー、「花のような男どもの道」という意味だ。
ファランは歴史、儒教、仏教、そして戦術を学んだ。ファランの主義を導くものは忠義、親孝行、信頼、勇気、そして正義。

The makeup of the Hwarang-do education was based on the Five Codes of Human Conduct written by a Buddhist scholar, fundamental education, Taek Kyon and social skills. Taek Kyon was spread throughout Korea because the Hwarang traveled all around the peninsula to learn about the other regions and people.
ファランドー教育は仏教学者がつくった五戒に基いた基礎教育、テッキョンと社交術だった。
ファランは朝鮮半島じゅうの人々や宗教を学ぶため旅をしたのでテッキョンは半島じゅうに広まったのだ。

During the Silla dynasty (A.D. 668 to A.D. 935) Taek Kyon was mostly used as a sport and recreational activity. Taek Kyon's name was changed to Subak and the focus of the art was changed during the Koryo dynasty (A.D. 935 to A.D. 1392). When King Uijong was on the throne from 1147 through 1170, he changed Subak from a system that promotes fitness to primarily a fighting art.
新羅時代テッキョンはむしろスポーツとして楽しまれていた。高麗時代テッキョンは手搏という名前に変わり内容も変化していった。
毅宗王の時代、王は手搏をフィットネスから格闘に変えたのだ。

The first widely distributed book on Taekwondo was during the Yi dynasty (1397 to 1907). This was the first time that Subak was intended to be taught to the general public, in previous years the knowledge was limited to the military. During the second half of the Yi dynasty, political conflicts and the choice to use debate instead of military action almost lead to the extinction of Subak. The emphasis of the art was changed back to that of recreational and physical fitness. The lack of interest caused Subak as an art, to become fragmented and scarcely practiced throughout the country.
最初にテコンドーの本が広まったのは李朝時代。軍人のものだった手搏が初めて一般の人々に教えられたのだ。李朝時代後半は武力よりも口論で政争が行われ、手搏は消滅していった。
手搏はふたたび楽しいフィットネスに戻っていった。手搏への無関心によってその技術が失われていったのだ。

In 1909 the Japanese invaded Korea and occupied the country for 36 years. To control Korea's patriotism, the Japanese banned the practice of all military arts, Korean language and even burned all books written in Korea. This ban was responsible for renewed interest in Subak. Many Koreans organized themselves into underground groups and practiced the martial arts in remote Buddhist temples.
１９０９年日本が朝鮮に侵攻し３６年間占領した。朝鮮の愛国心を抑えるため日本は武術を禁止し、言葉を取り上げ、朝鮮語で書かれた本を焼いた。
そのせいで手搏の復興が阻害されたのだ。　多くのコリアンは仏教寺院に隠れて武術の修行をするようになった。

Other people left Korea to study the martial arts in other countries like China and Japan. In 1943 Judo, Karate and Kung-fu were officially introduced to the Korean residents and the martial arts regained popularity. In 1945 Korea was liberated. In the last few years before liberation, there were many different variations of Subak/Taek Kyon in Korea. This was due to all of the other martial arts influence on it.
その他の人々は中国や日本に渡って武術を学んだ。1943年柔道、空手、カンフーが公式にコリアンにもたらされ武術人気が高まった。
1945年朝鮮解放。その数年前からいろんなバリエーションをもった手搏・テッキョンが作られるようになった。
他の武術の影響によるものだ。

The first Taekwondo school (Kwan) was started in Yong Chun, Seoul, Korea in 1945.
最初のテコンドースクールは1945年ん、ソウルで始まった。

1.Origin-Koguryo painting(BC37-668).
2.Imaginary figures-Shilla(BC356-935) Hwarangdo
3.Imaginary martial arts-Subak? Taekyun?
4.Distortion-Japanese pirates appear in Korea much later that that. The Japanese who invaded Shilla were Japanese settlers in Kaya where Japan occupied.(AKA Mimana)
5.Distortion-Harang means Flower boys not flowering manhood.
6.Fabrication-Hwarang Do. Hwarang and Taek Kyun. Hwarang and the 5 codes.
7.Fabrication-Ban of tae Kwon Do,Korean language and even burned all books written in Korea.
8.Fabrication-Koreans organized themselves into underground groups and practiced the martial arts in remote Buddhist temples.










I'm checking records about Subak now.
It doesn't sound like a martial art.

Hapkido history
http://www.worldhapkido.com/history.html

Evidence of martial training in Korea far pre-date the earliest form of written evidence found in the Samkuk Saki (3 Kingdom History) written in the 12th Century.
朝鮮における武芸の歴史は12世紀に書かれた三国史記に最初の記録がある。

In 1935, excavations of the Muyong-Chong tomb found the earliest known evidence of martial arts on ceiling murals.
1935年、高句麗舞踊塚の発掘により初期武術の証拠が見つかった。

Other tombs, notably the Anak Tomb (Koguryo) and Sambo-Chong Tomb dating from the early to late 4th Centuries, depict other caricatures of sparring, blocking stances and what appear to be older versions of dobok with black waist sashes.
4世紀初期の安岳三号墳やSambo-Chong Tombにはスパーリングやブロッキングの様子や黒帯のついた道着が描かれている。

Further, other paintings in another well-known Koguryo Tomb, the Samsil Tomb, show evidence of a Taekyun match (formerly known as Subak) and another picture clearly showing a Korean wrestling/grappling match, likely the ancestor of Ssireum.
また別の高句麗古墳Samsil Tombではテッキョンの試合やコリアンレスリング＝シルムの絵が描かれている。

This depiction is corroborated by references to Korean wrestling in the Book of later Han written in the 5th Century.
この絵は後漢書が言及するコリアンレスリングとも一致する。

From the 3 Kingdom's Period through the United Shilla and Koryo Dynasty's, a time spanning roughly 1,400 years, Korean fighting styles continued to develop.
３国時代から高麗時代にかけて約１４００年間、コリアンファイティング様式は開発されていった。

Through both internal and external conflicts, these fighting styles evolved and became more organized and structured.
The same could likely be said for Korea's closer neighbors (Japan, China) as well, as both war and commerce led to continued exchanges between them for well over a millennia.
外敵の侵入や内戦を通して武芸は進化し組織化されていった。
日本や中国といった近隣国も同様だ、戦争と商売による交流が２０００年続いた。

Although the practicing and perception of martial-arts saw a sharp decline beginning in the Yi Dynasty (1392-1919) due to the influence of Confucianism, from the 12th Century until approximately the 18th Century, multiple manuals and books of martial arts were written to further document and codify Korea's martial traditions.
李朝時代になると儒教の影響で武芸は突然衰退する。１２世紀から１８世紀にかけてコリアン武術を体系化そして記録するためにいくつかの武芸書が書かれた。

These various texts provide us with further evidence and insight into the history of their development. The earliest known work, the Samkuk Saki (3 Kingdom History) was written in 1145 and is widely accepted to contain early and factual data by Korean scholars.
これらの記録は我々に武芸の歴史があった証拠だ。
三国史記は最初の記録として学者にも受け入れられている。

Although this book is a general history book, multiple references to Korean martial arts are found within its pages, one of the most well known was the documenting of a 10-day long empty-hand fight between General Jung Ryang and Queen Jin-duk's troops which took place in 647AD. Approximately a century later, the Samkuk Yusa (3 Kingdom's Memorabilia) was written and within its pages, contained a history of the establishment of civil service testing during the Koryo Dynasty, of which part consisted of graded martial arts contests.
この本は一般史だがコリアン武芸に関する言及がなされている。
一番有名なのは６４７年、真徳女王（新羅）の軍とJung Ryang将軍による１０日間の素手の試合だ。
１００年後に出版された三国遺事によると、高麗時代科挙制度が導入されたがその試験には武術が含まれていた。

At this time, the art of Subak is already found in governmental records of the time, indicating that it had already existed in its current form for at least a generation or two, arguably longer. It is also believed by some researchers that it was at this time that the art of Subak began to split into separate and distinctive arts, one being Yusool (locks/grappling) and the other being Taekyun (kicks/striking)
この時点で手搏はすでに正史に記録されている。すくなくとも１～２世代に渡って現在のフォームが存在したことを示している。
研究者はこの時に手搏がユスルとテッキョンに別れたと指摘する。

The Ji Xiao Xin Shu (New Book Recording Effective Techniques) was written by the Chinese strategist, Qi Jiguang in approximately 1560. This book contained a variety of weapon arts with a cursory mention of Chuan Fa (Kung-Fu). The compilers of this record saw unarmed combat effective for the basic training of soldiers but saw little use of it on the battlefield.
紀效新書は１５６０年頃中国の軍師戚継光によって書かれた。この本には大雑把なカンフーの紹介と共にいろいろな武器が示されている。
兵士の訓練に効果的な素手の格闘が書かれているが、実際の戦闘ではあまり役に立たなさそうだ。

This is important because this manual became the blueprint for the Korean Mu Ye Je Bo, written only a decade later in 1598 during the Imjin War (1592 - 1598). This Korean text was the precursor to the Muye Dobo Tongji which went on to be the best the most complete source of Korean martial arts until the present time. A passage in the introduction to Kwon Bup (Subak) mirrors this belief…
これは重要なことだなぜならこの武芸書は壬辰倭乱の最中に書かれた朝鮮の武芸諸譜の青図になるからだ。
このテキストはコリアン武芸の総合書武芸図譜通志の先駆けである。
拳法（手搏）序文に反映されている

"Kwon Bup is not adequate for large scale combat, however, it is an excellent way for beginners to start martial arts training to learn the way of the hands and feet and discipline."
拳法は大規模な戦いには適していない、しかし初心者が手や足の使い方を学んだり、教育のためには良い。

The Mu Ye Je Bo went through a revision in 1610 and added 4 volumes (from the prior 7) from a Japanese martial arts manual and 12 more battlefield methods were added in the last revision in 1759 called the Muyesinbo.
武芸諸譜は１６１０年に修正され日本の武術４巻と１２種類の新たな武術が加わり１７５９年に武藝新譜となった。

These 23 arts formed the basis for the 24 art compilation found in the Muye Dobo Tongji, commissioned by King Jung-jo in 1790 and exists to this day. In honor of Korea's martial traditions, the art of Muye 24 Ban is still practiced today in Korea and is believed to be a reflection of the skills and tactics contained within the pages of the Muye Dobo Tongji.
これら２３種の武術は１７９０年に出版された武芸図譜通志の２４武芸の基礎となった。
武芸図譜通志に記された栄誉あるコリアン武芸「武芸２４般」は現在まで受け継がれている。

The Japanese Army invaded Korea in 1910 and ruled the country until they were expelled by Allied Forces in 1945 at the end of World War II. During that period it was not uncommon for Korean families and treasures to be relocated to Japan. One such person was Hapkido's founder, Yong Sool Choi.
１９１０年日本が朝鮮に侵入し１９４５年連合軍が一掃するまで朝鮮を支配した。
その時期、朝鮮人が日本に移住するのはよくあることだった。
ハプキド創始者チェ・ヨンスルもそのうちの一人だ。

Choi was interviewed by Jong Bae-Rim and Joseph Sheya in 1982 which was later translated and published in 1999, it was his only known interview. Choi asserts that he was born in Yong Dong in Choong Chung Province, Korea in 1904. At about the age of 8, he was taken to Japan by a Japanese business owner and later abandoned.
１９９９年に出版された１９８２年のインタビューによると、チェは忠清道のヨンドンで１９０４年に生まれ８歳の頃日本人に日本に連れてこられそして捨てられた。

（１９６２年出版「合気術」では１８９９年生まれhttp://www.toshima.ne.jp/~fukuoka3/hapkido/hapkido2.htm
月刊ハプキド １９７１年１０月号では９歳で誘拐されたとあるhttp://www.toshima.ne.jp/~fukuoka3/hapkido/choiyonsul_ueshiba.htm）

Choi states that he was taken to Kyoto and came under the care of a temple monk named Kintaro Wadanabi. Choi stated that he was fascinated by the murals of martial arts and battles within the temple and when asked what direction he wanted his life to go, Choi pointed to the murals.
チェは京都に連れてこられ渡邊金太郎という僧の世話になった。
彼はその寺で武術や戦の壁画に魅せられ僧に聞いた、これをやるにはどうしたらよいか。

Unknown to Choi at this time, Wadanabi was close friends with Sokaku Takeda. In addition to a proficiency in Ona-Ha Itto-Ryu swordsmanship, Takeda was also the 37th generation Grandmaster of Daito-Ryu Aikijujutsu, an art which emphasized the use of joint locks, strikes and nerve attacks to neutralize an opponent.
チェには皆目見当もつかなかった。渡邊は武田惣角の親しい友人だった。武田は小野派一刀流の使い手でもあり、大東流合気柔術（関節技や神経技で敵を無力化する武術）の宗家であった。

Many great warriors, in accordance with ancient traditions, undertook annual pilgrimages throughout Japan to improve their martial arts skills. During their travels they visited local temples to offer prayer and donations. It was during one of Master Takeda's visits that Wadanabi and the resident monks, seeing an opportunity, asked Master Takeda to take the young Choi as a disciple.
多くの偉大な勇者が古くからの伝統に従って毎年日本へ修行に行っていた。彼らは常に地元の寺に立ち寄り祈りを捧げ献金したものだ。
武田惣角が渡邊を尋ねた時、チェを弟子にと頼んだ。

It’s important to note that Daito-Ryu Aikijujitsu was originated by Shilla Sahm Lang (third son of Shilla in translation), who was believed to be a Korean bureaucratic official from the united Shilla Dynasty of Korea, who taught this art to Japan's Minamoto Shogunate, the ruling family of Japan during the Kamakura feudal era. (See insert) This art was passed to members of the Takeda Clan where it remained for over 35 generations.
ところで重要なことを忘れてはいけない、大東流合気柔術は新羅のサムラン（三郎）が起源だ。（新羅の三番目の息子という意味なのだ）　サムランとは新羅の官僚と信じられている。
この武術を日本の源氏に伝え、その後武田氏が３５代に渡って受け継いだ。

Choi went to live with Takeda at his home in the Shin Su Mountains as his personal servant and lived with him, traveling and training for 30 years until Takeda's death in 1943.
チェは武田の下男として信州の山の上に一緒に暮らし武田が死ぬまで３０年間修行した。

The Japanese occupation of Korea ended with their defeat in 1945. This event coincided with Takeda's death and Choi decided to return to his homeland of Korea. Choi brought back with him the art Daito-Ryu Aikijujitsu which was the “Yusool” of the Shilla kingdom and long forgotten in his own land. It should also be noted that the “Yusool” of Hapkido that has been developed in Korea after Choi's return should not be considered as Daito-Ryu anymore. In fact, it is believed that Choi wanted to develop a system that is comparable to modern society as a practical martial art, instead of teaching the original Daito-Ryu which is an ancient battle field system with special consideration of fighting an armored opponent.
１９４５年日本の敗戦で朝鮮の占領は終わり、チェは武田が亡くなったこともあって朝鮮に戻った。
チェは大東流合気柔術、つまり長い間忘れられていた新羅のユスル（柔術）を持ち帰ったのだ。
これ以降ハプキドのユスルはもう大東流柔術ではないということを覚えておいて欲しい。
実際チェは古い時代の戦用に開発された大東流ではなく、現代にマッチした武術を創りたかったのだ。

And there are 2 hilarious pictures on the page.
Originator "Won Eui Guang" is Korean pronunciation of Minamotono Yoshitsune who's legendary Samurai in Kamakura period. "Sam Lang" is Korean pronunciation of Saburo, it means 3rd son and very very common Japanese boy name like Ichiro(1st son).
Yoshitsune had never been to Korea, he wasn't martial artist.


Famous Korean "Napoleon complex" map.










1.Origin-Koguryo painting(BC37-668). Minamotono Yoshitsune(1159-1189)
2.Imaginary figures-Shilla(BC356-935) Samlang
3.Imaginary martial arts-Subak Yusool Taekyun?
4.Distortion-the most well known was the documenting of a 10-day long empty-hand fight
I checked Samuguk Sagi, it was 10 days castle siege, there was nothing about empty-hand fight.
5.Fabrication-Korean wrestling in the Book of later Han written in the 5th Century
I checked the Book of later Han Koguryo section, there was nothing about Korean wresting. Koguryo wasn't Korean country anyway.
6.Fabrication-undertook annual pilgrimages throughout Japan to improve their martial arts skills.
There was no Korean who took such pilgrimages.
7.Fabrication-Daito-Ryu Aikijujitsu was originated by Shilla Sam Lang
8.Myth-This art was passed to members of the Takeda Clan.

Hapkido history is pretty insane, isn't it?

海東クムド
http://haedongkumdo.us/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=27

During the Silla Dynasty in ancient Korea (618 - 935 AD) the martial arts expanded rapidly.
The Kingdom of Silla was one of the three kingdoms in Korea and was notable for the military prowess of its young warrior class, the Hwa Rang.
The five basic principles we use in Haedong Kumdo are derived from the principles of these elite warriors.
古代朝鮮の国新羅では武芸がさかんだった。
新羅は花郎とよばれる武士階級があったことで有名だ。
海東クムドで使われる五戒はこのエリート武士たちの士道である。

Haidong Kumdo is a traditional Korean sword martial art with a history extending as far back as the ancient Goguryo Kingdom of Korea in AD 331.
海東クムドは高句麗まで遡る古代朝鮮の剣術である。

At the beginning of the Yi Dynasty (1392-1910), a National Martial Arts Manual ‘Moo Ye Dobo Tonji’ was published.
李氏朝鮮時代初期、武芸図譜通志が出版された。

Geographically, Korea is located in an enviable position, a peninsular nation with ample access to the ocean, as well as being a close neighbor to both China and Japan. Because of its location, nearby countries in ancient times often sought to occupy Korea to gain control of its superior geographical attributes. Korea also frequently struggled with civil war, as opposing dynasties within the country vied with each other for power. As a result, Korean warriors of old often found themselves fighting off foreign invaders and warriors from rival Korean dynasties.
地理的に朝鮮は人もうらやむような場所にある、大海に面した半島、中国と日本に近い。
そのため近隣諸国はその優れた地理的属性を狙って朝鮮を奪い合った。
また朝鮮は内戦にも悩まされた。その結果、朝鮮の勇者は常に外敵と戦い、また国内ではライバルと戦っていた。

The prevalent state of warfare in Korea gave these Korean warriors the opportunity to practice their sword techniques and find out which techniques neutralized their enemies most efficiently and effectively. One group of warriors ‘Samurang’ who lived in the Koguryo kingdom nearly 2,000 years ago, became particularly skilled at swordsmanship.
広範囲に渡る戦争はそれらコリアン武士に剣術と敵の効果的な無力化を修練する機会を与えた。
そのひとつ、高句麗のサムランは剣術に長けた勇者だった。

Their training hall was located on Mt. Baekdu (which rests on the North Korea-China border) and they were led by a master swordsman named Sul Bong, who had great spirituality. Sul Bong not only taught his students the deadliest sword techniques, but also told them to live their lives according to the ideals of Choong (loyalty), Hyo (filial piety), Ye (propriety), Eui (justice), Shin (trust), Ji (knowledge), Duk (generosity) and Che (sound body).
彼らの訓練所は白頭山の上だ。先生はスルボンという高い精神性を持った人だった。彼は生徒に必殺剣術を教えるだけでなく、忠義、孝行、礼節、正義、信頼、知識、寛容、そして健康とともに生きることを教えた。

The Samurang spread the vision of living each day with righteousness and justice, and under the command of General Uel Ji Moon Duk, fended off 2 million soldiers during the invasion of the Sui Dynasty. They also defeated 600,000 Tang soldiers at the Ahn Shi battle under the command of General Yang Man Choon. Through the centuries, the sword techniques that the Samurang perfected were passed down from warrior to warrior.
サムランは公正と正義とともに生きることを広め、乙支文徳（ウルチムンドク）将軍の下、隋の200万の兵士をかわした。
また安市城の戦いでは楊萬春（ヤンマンチュン）将軍の下、60万の敵を撃退した。
そして何世紀ものあいだ、サムランの剣術は勇者たちに受け継がれていった。

During the occupation of Korea by Japan (1907 - 1945) the practice of native martial arts was prohibited and the Japanese forces destroyed virtually all records of the actual techniques of the ancient Korean martial Arts. This prohibition forced many Korean Sword Masters to emigrate, or to practice secretly.
日本占領下でコリアン伝統武術は禁止されすべての記録は消されてしまった。この禁止令で朝鮮の剣術家は亡命や隠れて訓練することを余儀なくされた。

1.Origin-Shilla Hwarang
2.Imaginary figures-Koguryo Samurang
3.Imaginary martial arts-Samurang's sword art
4.Distortion-The five basic principles and Hwarang had no connection.
5.Fabrication-Training hall was located on Mt. Baekdu. Ban of Korean martial art under Japanese rule.
Mt. Baekdu








Question-Who is Sul Bong?

Mu Sool Won is a spin-off of Kuk Sool Won.
(maybe the founder didn't want to pay franchise fee)

Mu Sool Won
http://www.musoolwon.com/aboutksw/about_mswlogo.php

Mu Sool Won (무술원), a Korean phrase literally meaning ‘Martial Arts Academy’, is an organization which studies and teaches Korean traditional martial arts made up of Royal Court Martial Arts, Buddhist Martial Arts, and Family Martial Arts.
ムスルウォン、韓国語で武術院を意味する。武術院は宮廷武術、仏教武術、家族武術を合わせたコリアン伝統武術を学ぶ機関である。

Mu Sool refers to all types of martial arts skills to protect and train our body and mind in an organized and systematic way, either empty-handed or using weapons including a sword, a stick, a stave, an ax, and a dagger.
ムスル（武術）とは素手または刀や棒、竿、斧、短刀などあらゆる武器を使い、精神と体を鍛え、自分の身を守る全てのタイプの武術を言う。

Ancient Chinese people recorded that all martial arts were derived from ssirum, Korean wrestling, and ssirum was first introduced 5,000 years by Chioo (also said as Chiu, Tiu, Tiw, or Ziu), the 14th Haanoong of Cooree (3897 BC ­ 2333 BC), a federal nation composed of nine states of Ree people, the present Korean people.
古代中国の史料が示すように、全ての武術のもととなったのがシルムというコリアンレスリングだ。
シルムは第14代桓雄朝鮮（李氏による９つの州からなる連邦国）である慈烏支によって５０００年前もたらされた。

Haanoong Chioo was born in 2749 BC and was trained under Sunin Jaaboo before he became Haanoong at the age of 42.
慈烏支は紀元前2749年に生まれ、Sunin Jaabooの下で42歳まで訓練した。

1.Origin-Unknown
2.Imaginary figures-Chi-Woo,Sunin Jaaboo
3.Imaginary martial arts-SahDoh MuSoo, BoolKyo MuSool, KoongJoong MuSool
4.Imaginary records-Ancient Chinese people recorded... from ssirum
5.Common noun as school's name-Musool means "martial art"

To find out the pattern of Korean Uriginal martial art history, I translate them in Japanese.

国術院 ククスルウォンの歴史
http://www.kuksoolwon.com/site/history
Ancient History

The history of Korean martial arts is as old as the land itself and can be traced as far back as the prehistoric era, where primitive weapons made of wood and stone were used for hunting and fighting.
韓国の武術史は先史時代から始まる。石と木で作った原始武器を狩りや戦いに使っていたのだ。

As early as 2707 BC, the Korean warlord Chi-Woo, also known as Jaoji, reigned as the “god of war” in what is now Mainland China.
紀元前2707年　コリアン武士の慈烏支桓雄が軍神として中国に君臨。

Since then, the majority of Koreans migrated and settled in the region of the Korean Peninsula, where there have been more than a thousand recorded instances of foreign invasions. Consequently, the Korean people developed unique martial arts and military strategies in order to defend themselves and their territory.
それ以来コリアンのほとんどは幾千もの戦いが記されている朝鮮半島に移住した。
故にコリアンは国を守るため武術や戦術を開発したのだ。

Most of these Korean martial arts fall into three main groups or branches, namely tribal, Buddhist, and royal court martial arts.
コリアン武術の多くは３つの枝葉に分けられる、部族系、仏教系そして宮廷系だ。

Tribal martial arts (SahDoh MuSool)
部族系武術（家族系ともいうらしい）

The earliest martial arts developed in Korea are referred to as SahDoh MuSool; meaning tribal, clan, or family martial arts, as this type of martial art was mainly passed down from one generation to the next through family lines.
コリアン武術の初期はサドムスルと呼ばれ、部族や家族単位で何世代も受け継がれてきたものだ。

SahDoh MuSool was popular among the ancient tribes, city-states and smaller kingdoms that formed in the Korean Peninsula and parts of what is now China.
サドムスルは中国や朝鮮半島の小さな国や町で、あるいは古代部族のあいだで人気があった。

This was evident well before the first unified Korean kingdom of Ko-Cho Sun which was founded in 2333 BC by the legendary king, DahnGoon WahngGuhm.
これは紀元前2333年に檀君によって統一された古朝鮮王国以前であることがあきらかだ。

Later, SahDoh MuSool was further developed and made widespread by voluntary militias comprised of the common people, who often fought in battles to defend their villages.
サドムスルは後に村を守るために戦った普通の人々によって進化し広まった。

Traditional athletic activities such as Taekkyon, and Ssireum are considered to have originated from SahDoh MuSool. In fact, many techniques found in the popular Olympic sport of TaeKwonDo can also be traced back to SahDoh MuSool.
テッキョンやシルムはサドムスルが起源だ。オリンピックスポーツとして人気のテコンドーもだ。


Buddhist martial arts (BoolKyo MuSool)
仏教系武術

Since Buddhism was first introduced to the kingdom of Koguryo in the year 347, a rather unique form of martial arts was developed by both Buddhist monks as well as martial artists, known as BoolKyo MuSool.
仏教は347年高句麗に伝来した。仏教武術は僧侶や武術家によって開発されていった。

Buddhist monks originally developed and then practiced BoolKyo MuSool to improve their health while meditating and to defend themselves while traveling.
仏教武術は僧侶が旅行中に身を守るため、または健康のために武術を始めたのが始まりだ。

As a result, Buddhist martial arts include both internal training, with emphasis on special breathing and meditation methods, as well as external training, with emphasis on extremely effective self-defense techniques.
結果として呼吸法や瞑想法などの内面的訓練が超すごい自己防衛術のような外面的訓練と共に取り入れられることになった。

Many Buddhist monks were so accomplished as martial artists that they were occasionally called upon during national emergencies to fight in battles by forming unprecedented armies of warrior monks.
多くの僧侶は国家的危機に際し大規模な僧兵軍団を編成して参戦、武術家として大成した。

To this day, BoolKyo MuSool plays a significant role for Korean martial artists by providing them with philosophies of non-violence and compassion as well as ethical codes of conduct, such as the famous Five Precepts of the HwaRang warriors.
こんにち、仏教武術は花郎の五戒のような思いやりと非暴力の哲学によりコリアン武術の重要な位置を占めるようになった。

Royal court martial arts (KoongJoong MuSool)
宮廷武術

Kings, royal families and government officials had private armies and bodyguards who practiced a type of martial art known as KoongJoong MuSool.
宮廷の人々は護衛のための私設兵団を持っていて、彼らが修練したのが宮廷武術だ。

These royal court martial arts gave rise to esoteric techniques of easily portable weapons such as short swords and folding fans. Also developed were unique weaponless techniques of joint-locking and pressure point striking.
宮廷武術は短刀や扇のようなポータブル武器の秘技をもたらした。
または関節技や急所技なども開発した。

Existing records in Japan suggest that many KoongJoong MuSool techniques found their way there and gave birth to the Japanese art of Jujitsu.
日本の史料によればこの宮廷武術が日本にわたり柔術になった。

King JinHung of the Kingdom of Silla encouraged the HwaRang warriors to practice KoongJoong MuSool in addition to their other martial arts training.
新羅の真興王が花郎に彼ら自身の武術とともに宮廷武術の習得を推進した。

But later during the Koryo Dynasty and Chosun Dynasty, Korean kings enforced policies to discourage the practice of martial arts and to forbid the possession of weapons, in order to protect themselves from military rebellion or any other political uprising.
しかし高麗時代と李氏朝鮮時代、国王は謀反を恐れて武術や武器の所持を禁じた。

However, Korean martial arts have continued to develop both within and without the royal courts, thanks to the efforts of many dedicated Korean martial artists to practice, record, and compile these precious martial art techniques.
しかしありがたい事に有志の武術家によって宮廷の内外でこの貴重なコリアン武術の技術や記録は維持された。

Traditional Korean martial arts (Kuk Sool)
伝統コリアン武術（国術）

The three branches of traditional Korean martial arts: SahDoh MuSool, BoolKyo MuSool, and KoongJoong MuSool, were organized to form a single system known as Kuk Sool in 1958 by In-hyuk Suh, the founder and Grandmaster of Kuk Sool Won™.
それら３つの枝葉サダムスル、ブルキョムスル、クンジュンムスル、1958年に国術として統合された。

Kuk Sool has countless techniques derived from the three branches of traditional Korean martial arts and is structured to take a practitioner in a logical progression from the beginning all the way up to Master level.
国術の中の無数のテクニックはそれらコリアン伝統武術から取り入れられ、修練者をマスターレベルまで論理的に進歩させます。

Kuk Sool Won™ has been actively promoted worldwide by the World Kuk Sool Association®, and it is also recognized in the martial arts community as one of the most effective and comprehensive systems of traditional Korean martial arts in existence today.
国術院は世界国術連盟によって世界中で愛好され、こんにち世界で最も効果的で総合的なコリアン伝統武術のひとつであると武術家に知られています。


1.Origin-Caveman
2.Imaginary figures-Chi-Woo,DahnGoon
3.Imaginary martial arts-SahDoh MuSoo, BoolKyo MuSool, KoongJoong MuSool
4.Imaginary records-Existing records in Japan suggest that...the Japanese art of Jujitsu
5.Common noun as school's name-Kuksool means "national skill"

Annals of Joseon Dynasty
1480-6-11
The people were not accustomed to use of sword or spear, defended from the enemy only by archery.








1592-10-13
There is no swordman in our country.










1594-7-11
The Japanese deserters are good at sword and spear.
Any sword art has not been succeeded from ancient time in our country.
We should make a unit lern sword/spear arts from the Japanese.









1592-2-10
A prisoner returned from enemy's site.
She was able to learn how to make gunpowder.








1593-3-11
King said
"Hurry to master matchlock gun making. We aren't still able to make gunpowder.  Don't kill the Japanese who know how to do it.
Have them teach us."






1593-6-16
The 2 Japanese deserters, one knows how to make gunpowder , one knows how to make matchlock gun.
Give them higher rank and send one to Yongbyong for making gunpowder,
send one to iron mining town for making guns.






1594-2-20
They gathered all the matchlock guns that they got yeasterday,
sent them to General for training soldiers.








Muye Tobo Dongji 1790

Archery was the only martial art practiced by Korean soldiers.










There's no spear or sword art.

Nowadays Hwarang [花郎] is respected by the Korean as a symbol of Korean spirit. They say:

    Silla developed its Hwarang (Flower of Youth Corps), a voluntary military organization. The Hwarang members were trained as a group in the arts of war, literary taste and community life, partly through pilgrimages. The educational objectives were:

       1. loyalty to the monarch
       2. filial piety to parents
       3. amicability among friends
       4. no retreat in war
       5. aversion to unnecessary killing

    These objectives were postulated by the famous monk Won-gwang, who consolidated Buddhist-Confucian virtues in the education of Silla youths. This movement became popular and the corps contributed to the strength of the Silla Kingdom.

Korea.net: History: The Three Kingdoms

Koreans believe it blindly, but it is no more than a fiction. Hwarang was not a training group of warriors, and the five disciplines they mentioned above, Sesok-ogye [世俗五戒], had nothing to do with Hwarang.

Hwarang [花郎] stands for "Flower Boy(s)." (Korea.net's translation is misleading.) It sounds sissy and fairy not only in English but also for people using Chinese characters. Why they were qualified as "flowery," although the Korean believe it was a group of elite warriors? It seems much more natural for a warrior to be qualified as "fierce" or "tough." Furthermore, when we liken men to flowers, we use another hwa (83EF) instead of hwa (82B1). Hwa (82B1) is usually used for women. So the name of Hwarang is closely associated with gay.

There are scarce historical data about Hwarang. No text written during Silla era survives. Main resources are three books: Samguk Sagi (1145), Haedong Goseungjeon (1215), and Samguk Yusa (1284). I recommend you to read these books in the original. (English translations are often inaccurate) You will be surprised how rarely Hwarang is mentioned.

Samguk Sagi, the oldest history book in Korea, consists of six parts: Silla Bon-gi (Annals of Silla), Goguryeo Bon-gi (Annals of Goguryeo), Baekje Bon-gi (Annals of Baekje), chronological table, Japji (miscellaneous records), and Yeoljeon (biographies). There is only an episode of Hwarang in Silla Bon-gi. It describes the origin of Hwarang briefly. The first term referred to Hwarang is "Wonhwa," and Hwarang was not male at first. The first members of Wonhwa were two women: Nammo and Junjeong. During the years of King Jinheung's reign, they were chosen by the king and soon had about 300 followers. But when Junjeong killed Nammo out of jealousy, Wonhwa was abolished.

Hereupon Samguk Sagi says that the king mustered young boys who looked good, made them wear makeup and decorated beautifully, and called them Hwarang. They were given freedom. Among them excellent persons were chosen and recommended to the court.

Samguk Yusa run the same story and it is more interesting. It says that after abolishing Wonhwa, the king ordered virtuous and superior boys from aristocratic families to be chosen and freshly made them Hwanang (not Hwarang). (*) Hwanang [花娘] stands for "Flower Girl(s)," although they were boys. What this means?

Samguk Sagi quotes Hwarang Segi by Kim Daemun, which says, "Bright ministers and loyal subjects are brought up here, and good generals and brave soldiers are born therefrom." It is clear that Hwarang in itself was not a warrior group. Although some Hwarang members later became good generals and brave soldiers, it is doubtful that they belonged to Hwarang when they rendered distinguished service.

When you read Yeoljeon (biographies) of Samguk Sagi, you will find it describe several Silla people joined Hwarang groups when young. But many of them had nothing to do with military affairs. Furthermore the relationship between each of them and the Hwarang groups is unclear. Although Samguk Sagi mentioned each of them became a Hwarang in youth, it tells nothing more. What did he do when he was a Hwarang? Till when was he a Hwarang member?

Hwarang is often mentioned in connection with Buddhism, which was severely suppressed during the Yi period. This was partly because the author of Samuguk Yusa was a Buddhist monk. Samguk Sagi and Samguk Yusa refer to Sesok-ogye [世俗五戒], which Koreans believe was the set of Hwarang's five disciplines during Silla. Ogye [五戒], the five precepts, are the minimal set of moral restrictions to be observed by Buddhist householder-practitioners. (*) Sesok-ogye was just a variant of Ogye. And according to Samguk Yusa, the famous Buddhist monk Won-gwang taught Sesok-ogye to Kwisan and Chuhang, who later joined the army and won martial glory, but nothing says that they were Hwarang members. (*) Sesok-ogye had nothing to do with Hwarang. "It was a set of norms for every day life of common people," said Prof. Shin Bok Ryong. (*)

Although Koreans do not want to refer to or just do not know it, Hwarang still existed after the collapse of Silla. According to Hunmong Jahoe (1527), the learner's dictionary of Chinese characters by Joe Sejin, Hwarang meant a male shaman during the Yi dynasty. At that time Hwarang were bottom in rank and disrespected.

Because of an inferiority complex toward Japan, South Korea needed something equal to Japanese samurai after the independence from Japan. So Koreans transformed mysterious Hwarang into brave warrior groups in the world of their imaginations. It was a convenient fiction for Koreans because Hwarang were prior to Japanese samurai. Some of them began to believe unquestioningly that samurai was influenced by Silla's Hwarang without foundation. Yes. By doing this they could beat hatred Japanese.

http://www.geocities.ws/neue_strassenbahn/hwarang.html

'Hwarang=Taekwondo' Needs Reinterpretation
Seo Sung Won (The Taekwondo News)(2001/05/23)

"Hwarang is not a group of warriors but of handsome boys. Sesok Oh-Kye (Hwarang's five disciplines during Shilla) had nothing to do with Hwarang, and it was a set of norms for every day life of common people," said Shin Bok Ryong, Konkuk Univ. prof (History of politics and diplomacy). By this theory, he has stirred the Taekwondo society.

Prof. Shin reversed the existing theory by saying in Dong A Il Bo (daily), "Hwarang that has been praised as height of young culture in Korean history, but it is nothing but distortion of history."

His new theory give direct and indirect influences on Taekwondo as well as on the history society. Taekwondo history has generalized the equality 'Hwarang spirit=Taekwondo spirit' and most schools teach that Shilla's Hwarang is the very origin of Taekwondo.

Most Korean instructors including Kim Yong Ho and Moon Dae Won who are active in foreign countries never omit Hwarang in talking about spiritual culture (ethics and morals) of Taekwondo.

Taekwondo administrating bodies implicitly acknowledge the equality 'Hwarang spirit=Taekwondo spirit.' 「Kukkiwon, 25 years of history」published by Kukkiwon says, "It is desirable that today's Taekwondo men should accept Hwarang spirit as Taekwondo's philosophical mentality."

It was in mid-1970's when they studied history of sports that they related Hwarang to Taekwondo history. While prof. Na Hyun Sung and Jung Chan Mo formed a structure of Taekwondo history, they interpreted Korean history of martial arts as related with Taekwondo. Their interpretation is still dominant.

However, more and more people object to such interpretation in Taekwondo history. Starting a full-fledged talk about history and origin of Taekwondo, they even criticized that the previous description was a far-fetched reasoning.

Vice president of Kukkiwon Lee Jong Woo stressed the relation between Taekwondo and Hwarang to attain national pride and legitimacy, but later expressed that we needed a new perspective now. 'When they said that Hwarang spirit is Taekwondo spirit, they were only turning it to their own advantage.'

Prof. Yang Jin Bang (Yong In Univ. Dpt. Taekwondo) has a similar view.
Prof. Yang said, "I doubt if Taekwondo has fully accepted lots of studies of Hwarang. It is stupid to ask if Hwarang is the spirit of Taekwondo."

"It is problematic to interpret Hwarang as origin of Taekwondo," he continued. "It is necessary to investigate Hwarang spirit from a objective view and to accept it for Taekwondo."

By the way, prof. Oh Noh Gyun (Chung Cheong College) who has persistently studied the relation between Hwarang and Taekwondo said, "Interpretation depends on a view. We need to connect good things of Hwarang to Taekwondo, to make Taekwondo more constructive."










The descriptions about Hwarang in Korean historical records are so limited.
Of course there is no TKD on the records since TKD is a modern martial art based on Karate.
And no mentioning about martial art and Hwarang.
The records say the boys were good at singing and dancing.
Yes Hwarang were mobilized for war but Hwarang weren't the only soldiers so they weren't something like specially trained troop.

Following is my comments for http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQ5Vpun9o_c

Haidong Kumdo is a modern art based on Japanese sword arts which even Koreans recognize.

Only Korean nationalists and people who cannot face the facts like you do not recognize.

Look what they are wearing, Japanese folk outfits.(wearing incorrectly)

Hapkido is another copy of Japanese martial art Aiki Jujutsu.

Problem isn't copying, is what they are propagating outside of East Asia which is "Ancient Korean invented it and Japanese copied." The sort of Uriginal attitude is flaming anger among Japanese and Chinese.(Koreans uriginalize Chinese culture too)

The reason why Koreans uriginalize Japanese and Chinese culture instead of promoting their own culture is simple because it makes more money.

Foreigners especially Westerners are strangely enthusiastic to Samurai and Ninja (I still don't understand why) and Chinese MA but they cannot distinguish Japanese and Chinese culture.

So they are easily deceived by the Korean swindlers.

If the Korean say "We had same things what Japan and China had" they believe without studying history.

So I can say MA dojos operated by Koreans are all modern mixed arts not traditional just like Ninjutsu MA dojo.

They both fabricate the history to make them look better but the true essence of those arts are just business, how much they can make money is most important for them.

Plus, in the case of Korean, it's national vanity.

They call it "Korean pride" but the fact is "Korean vanity"

The vanity Korean mentality wasn't developed recently but it's ethnic character.

William Eliot Griffith 1843~1928 wrote

"This is a good specimen of Corean varnish-work carried into history. The rough facts are smoothed over by that well-applied native lacquer, which is said to resemble gold to the eyes. The official gloss has been smeared over more modern events with equal success, and even defeat is turned into golden victory."

"Corean architecture is in a very primitive condition. The castles, fortifications, temples, monasteries and public buildings cannot approach in magnificence those of Japan or China. The country, though boasting hoary antiquity, has few ruins in stone."

"Corea has no samurai. She lacks what Japan has always had - a cultured body of men, superbly trained in both mind and body, the soldier and scholar in one, who held to a high ideal of loyalty, patriotism, and sacrifice for country."

I have been researching about Korean martial arts history.

Historically Koreans preferred bow rather than sword.

There were indivisual Koreans who tried to learn Japanese sword arts like the author of Muye Dobo Tongji but somehow nobody carried on.

It desappears. This is the cultural difference of Japan and Korea.

Martial arts and all sort of military things were looked down in Korea.

Samurai didn't use sword very much in the battles during Sengoku period either because matchlocks were more effective.

Sword became soul of Samurai was during Edo period.

Learning sword arts was "must do" for Samurai sons and carrying 2 swords was symbol of Samurai status. Samurai wasn't just a name for them but a social rank.

Each Han had han operated dojo, there were town dojos operated by sword masters, and even village dojos operated by wealthy farmers.

Japan has numerous episodes, historical records and material evidences of the martial arts especially sword arts(Kenjutsu) is because of Japan's social system.

Japan had been ruled by Samurai for 1000 years.

Even kids and women were learning sword arts.

This is what Korea totally lacked in their history.

There's no reason for Koreans to learn sword arts.

Koreans propagate uriginal martial arts only outside of East Asia.

You know why?

Because they know they can't deceive Japanese and Chinese.

Japanese and Chinese both were former master countries for Korea, know Korea didn't have such martial arts historically.

You guys are "cash cows" for the Koreans.